Feed center for dense phase system

ABSTRACT

A feed center for powder coating material includes a hopper, an extraction duct, and a control valve. The hopper is in fluid communication with a fluidizing pressure source. The extraction duct is in fluid communication with at least one suction source. The control valve connects the extraction duct with an extraction port of the hopper. The control valve is operable between a first position for applying suction from the at least one suction source to the hopper, and a second position providing an exterior opening in at least one of the control valve and the first extraction duct for exhausting pressurized fluid from the hopper and/or collecting at least some of the air and powder that is exhausted from the powder.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/183,541, filed Nov. 7, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/300,600, filed Sep. 29, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No.10,150,124, which is a U.S. National Stage Application of InternationalPatent App. No. PCT/US2015/024206, filed Apr. 3, 2015, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 61/976,102, filed Apr. 7,2014, the entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated hereinby reference as if set forth in their entirety herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to powder coating material applicationsystems. More particularly, the invention relates to a feed center fordense phase powder delivery systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Material application systems are used to apply one or more powdercoating materials to an object. General examples are powder coatingsystems and other particulate material application systems such as maybe used in the food processing and chemical industries. These are but afew examples of wide and numerous varieties of systems used to applyparticulate materials to an object.

There are two generally known types of dry particulate material transferprocesses, referred to herein as dilute phase and dense phase. Dilutephase systems utilize a substantial quantity of air to push materialthrough one or more hoses or other conduit from a supply to a sprayapplicator. A common pump design used in powder coating systems is aVenturi pump which introduces a large volume of air under pressure andhigher velocity into the powder flow. In order to achieve adequatepowder flow rates (in pounds per minute or pounds per hour for example),the components that make up the flow path must be large enough toaccommodate the flow with such high air to material (in other words leanflow) otherwise significant back pressure and other deleterious effectscan occur.

Dense phase systems on the other hand are characterized by a highmaterial to air ratio (in other words a “rich” flow). A dense phase pumpis described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,150,585, the entire disclosure of whichis appended hereto and fully incorporated herein by reference, and whichis owned by the assignee of the present inventions. This pump ischaracterized in general by a pump chamber that is partially defined bya gas permeable member. Material, such as powder coating material as anexample, is drawn into the chamber at one end by gravity and/or negativepressure and is pushed out of the chamber through an opposite end bypositive air pressure. This pump design is very effective fortransferring material, in part due to the novel arrangement of a gaspermeable member forming part of the pump chamber. The overall pump,however, in some cases may be less than optimal for purging, cleaning,color change, maintenance and material flow rate control. A usefulfeature of this pump is that it can be operated in reverse and forwardmodes for purge operations.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

A first inventive concept presented herein provides a feed center for apowder coating material application system. In an embodiment, the feedcenter includes a feed hopper with an extraction duct that may bemanually opened and closed to suction. Additional embodiments aredisclosed herein.

A second inventive concept presented herein provides a dual functionplatform or base for a supply of powder coating material. In anembodiment, the platform has a vibratory portion and a load sensingportion. Additional embodiments are disclosed herein.

A third inventive concept presented herein provides a color change orcleaning process for a feed center. In an embodiment, the processincludes cleaning powder from the feed center with reusable powder beingreclaimed to a powder recovery system and unusable powder being sent towaste. Additional embodiments are disclosed herein.

A fourth inventive concept presented herein provides a color change orcleaning process or operation for a feed center with dense phase powderdelivery is provided. In an embodiment, a color change or cleaningoperation for a feed center includes using a dense phase pump to purgeor assist in cleaning powder from the feed center. Additionalembodiments are disclosed herein.

These and other inventive concepts and embodiments as well as additionalaspects and advantages of the inventions disclosed herein will beapparent to those skilled in the art from the following description ofthe exemplary embodiments in view of the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a powder coating materialapplication system that may utilize the present inventions;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a feed center in accordance withthe teachings herein;

FIG. 3 is an embodiment of the feed center of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a hopper and sleeve control valve for an extraction duct;

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-section of the hopper of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the sleeve control valve of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 shows the sleeve control valve of FIG. 4 in a closed positionduring a cleaning operation;

FIG. 7A shows another sleeve control valve in a closed position during acleaning operation;

FIG. 8 shows the sleeve control valve of FIG. 7 in an open positionduring coating operations;

FIG. 8A shows the sleeve control valve of FIG. 7A in an open positionduring coating operations;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective of the hopper of FIG. 4;

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-section of the hopper of FIG. 4;

FIG. 11 is another cross-section of the hopper of FIG. 4 showing adischarge valve in more detail;

FIG. 12 is another enlarged view of the illustration of FIG. 10 showingpowder ports with compound angles;

FIG. 13 is a partial cross-section view of the feed center of FIG. 3;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of an upper portion of the hopper of FIG. 4;

FIG. 15 is a partial side view of the feed center of FIG. 3;

FIG. 16 is another illustration of the feed center of FIG. 3 to showvertical duct inlets;

FIG. 17 is a front elevation of the feed center of FIG. 3; and

FIG. 18 is a schematic drawing of an exemplary dense phase pump that maybe used with the present inventions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONS AND EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS THEREOF

The disclosure and teachings herein contemplate a feed center for apowder coating material application system (also referred to herein as apowder coating system.) Although the exemplary embodiments illustratedherein relate to a dense phase powder system, the teachings andinventions herein are not necessarily limited to dense phase systems, aswill be apparent to those skilled in the art An embodiment of a powdercoating material application system may include a dense phase pump forparticulate material. The pump may be used in combination with anynumber or type of spray applicator devices or spray guns, powder coatingspray booths and material supply.

By “dense phase” is meant that the air present in the particulate flowis about the same as the amount of air used to fluidize the material atthe supply such as a feed hopper. As used herein, “dense phase” and“high density” are used to convey the same idea of a low air volume modeof material flow in a pneumatic conveying system where not all of thematerial particles are carried in suspension. In such a dense phasesystem, the material is forced by pressure along a flow path bysignificantly less air volume as compared to a conventional dilute phasesystem, with the material flowing more in the nature of plugs that pusheach other along the passage, somewhat analogous to pushing the plugs asa piston through the passage. With smaller cross-sectional passages thismovement can be effected under lower pressures.

In contrast, conventional flow systems tend to use a dilute phase whichis a mode of material flow in a pneumatic conveying system where all theparticles are carried in suspension. Conventional flow systems introducea significant quantity of air into the flow stream in order to pump thematerial from a supply and push it through under positive pressure tothe spray application devices. For example, most conventional powdercoating spray systems utilize Venturi pumps to draw fluidized powderfrom a supply into the pump. A Venturi pump by design adds a significantamount of air to the powder stream. Typically, flow air and atomizingair are added to the powder to push the powder under positive pressurethrough a feed hose and an applicator device. Thus, in a conventionalpowder coating spray system, the powder is entrained in a high velocityhigh volume flow of air, thus necessitating large diameter powderpassageways in order to attain usable powder flow rates.

As compared to conventional dilute phase systems having air volume flowrates of about 3 to about 6 cfm (such as with a Venturi pumparrangement, for example), the present inventions may operate at about0.8 to about 1.6 cfm, for example. Thus, in the present inventions,powder delivery rates may be on the order of about 150 to about 300grams per minute. These values are intended to be exemplary and notlimiting. Pumps in accordance with the present inventions can bedesigned to operate at lower or higher air flow and material deliveryvalues.

Dense phase versus dilute phase flow can also be thought of as richversus lean concentration of material in the air stream, such that theratio of material to air is much higher in a dense phase system. Inother words, in a dense phase system the same amount of material perunit time is transiting a flow path cross-section (of a tube forexample) of lesser area as compared to a dilute phase flow. For example,in some embodiments of the present inventions, the cross-sectional areaof a powder feed tube is about one-fourth the area of a feed tube for aconventional Venturi type system. For comparable flow of material perunit time then, the material is about four times denser in the airstream as compared to conventional dilute phase systems.

With reference to FIG. 1, in an exemplary embodiment, the presentinventions are illustrated being used with a powder coating materialapplication system, such as, for example, a typical powder coatingmaterial application system 10. Such an arrangement commonly includes apowder spray booth 12 in which an object or part P is to be sprayed witha powder coating material. The application of powder to the part P isgenerally referred to herein as a powder spray, coating or applicationoperation procedure or process, however, there may be any number ofcontrol functions, steps and parameters that are controlled and executedbefore, during and after powder is actually applied to the part.

As is known, the part P is suspended from an overhead conveyor 14 usinghangers 16 or any other conveniently suitable arrangements. The booth 12includes one or more openings 18 through which one or more sprayapplicators 20 may be used to apply powder coating material to the partP as it travels through the booth 12. The applicators 20 may be of anynumber depending on the particular design of the overall system 10. Eachapplicator can be a manually operated device as with device 20 a, or asystem controlled device, referred to herein as an automatic applicator20 b, wherein the term “automatic” simply refers to the fact that anautomatic applicator is mounted on a support and is triggered on and offby a control system, rather than being manually supported and manuallytriggered. The present inventions are directed to manual and automaticspray applicators.

It is common in the powder coating material application industry torefer to the powder applicators as powder spray guns, and with respectto the exemplary embodiments herein we will use the terms applicator andgun interchangeably. However, it is intended that the inventions areapplicable to material application devices other than powder spray guns,and hence the more general term applicator is used to convey the ideathat the inventions can be used in many particulate material applicationsystems other than the exemplary powder coating material applicationsystem described herein. Some aspects of the inventions are likewiseapplicable to electrostatic spray guns as well as non-electrostaticspray guns. The inventions are also not limited by functionalityassociated with the word “spray”. Although the inventions are especiallysuited to powder spray application, the pump concepts and methodsdisclosed herein may find use with other material application techniquesbeyond just spraying, whether such techniques are referred to asdispensing, discharge, application or other terminology that might beused to describe a particular type of material application device.

The spray guns 20 receive powder from a supply or feed center such as ahopper 22 or other material supply through an associated powder feed orsupply hose 24. The present teachings are directed to the feed center,especially the hopper and associated components.

The automatic guns 20 b typically are mounted on a support 26. Thesupport 26 may be a simple stationary structure, or may be a movablestructure, such as an oscillator that can move the guns up and downduring a coating operation or a gun mover or reciprocator that can movethe guns in and out of the spray booth, or a combination thereof.

The spray booth 12 is designed to contain powder overspray within thebooth, usually by a large flow of containment air into the booth. Thisair flow into the booth is usually effected by a powder oversprayrecovery system 28. The recovery system 28 pulls air with entrainedpowder overspray from the booth, such as for example through a duct 30.In some systems the powder overspray is returned to the feed center 22as represented by the return line 32. In other systems the powderoverspray is either dumped or otherwise reclaimed in a separatereceptacle. An example of a powder recovery apparatus is a cycloneseparator.

In the exemplary embodiment herein, powder is transferred from therecovery system 28 back to the feed center 22 by a first transfer pump400. A respective gun pump 402 may be used to supply powder from thefeed center 22 to an associated spray applicator or gun 20. For example,a first gun pump 402 a may be used to provide dense phase powder flow tothe manual gun 20 a and a second gun pump 402 b may be used to providedense phase powder flow to the automatic gun 20 b. While any suitablepump, may be utilized, in an exemplary embodiment, the pumps 400, 402include dense phase powder pumps.

In the FIG. 1 embodiment, a second transfer pump 410 is used to transferpowder from a supply 412 of virgin powder (that is to say, previouslyunused) that is usually located within the feed center 22. Those skilledin the art will understand that the number of required transfer pumps410 and gun pumps 402 will be determined by the requirements of theoverall system 10 as well as the spraying operations to be performedusing the system 10.

Although the gun pump and the transfer pumps may be the same design, inthe exemplary embodiments there are differences that will be describedhereinafter. Those differences take into account that the gun pumppreferably provides a smooth consistent flow of powder material to thespray applicators 20 in order to provide the best coating onto theobjects P, whereas the transfer pumps 400 and 410 are simply used tomove powder from one receptacle to another at a high enough flow rateand volume to keep up with the powder demand from the applicators and asoptionally supplemented by the powder overspray collected by therecovery system 28.

Other than the pumps 400, 410 and 402, the selected design and operationof the material application system 10, including the spray booth 12, theconveyor 14, the guns 20, and the recovery system form no necessary partof the present inventions and may be selected based on the requirementsof a particular coating application. A particular spray applicator,however, that is well suited for use with the present inventions isdescribed in International patent application number PCT/US04/26887,filed on Aug. 18, 2004, the entire disclosure of which is incorporatedherein by reference. However, many other applicator designs may be usedas required for a particular application. A control system 39 likewisemay be a conventional control system such as a programmable processorbased system or other suitable control circuit. The control system 39executes a wide variety of control functions and algorithms, typicallythrough the use of programmable logic and program routines, which aregenerally indicated in FIG. 1 as including but not necessarily limitedto feed center control 36 (for example supply controls and pumpoperation controls), gun operation control 38 (such as for example, guntrigger controls), gun position control 40 (such as for example controlfunctions for the reciprocator/gun mover 26 when used), powder recoverysystem control 42 (for example, control functions for cycloneseparators, after filter blowers and so on), conveyor control 44 andmaterial application parameter controls 46 (such as for example, powderflow rates, applied film thickness, electrostatic or non-electrostaticapplication and so on). Conventional control system theory, design andprogramming may be utilized.

While the described embodiments herein are presented in the context of adense phase pump for use in a powder coating material applicationsystem, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that thepresent inventions may be used in many different dry particulatematerial application systems, including but not limited in any mannerto: talc on tires, super-absorbents such as for diapers, food relatedmaterial such as flour, sugar, salt and so on, desiccants, releaseagents, and pharmaceuticals. These examples are intended to illustratethe broad application of the inventions for dense phase application ofparticulate material to objects. The specific design and operation ofthe material application system selected provides no limitation on thepresent inventions except as otherwise expressly noted herein.

Even from the general schematic illustration of FIG. 1 it can beappreciated that such complex systems can be very difficult and timeconsuming to clean and to provide for color change. Herein we use theterms color change and cleaning operations interchangeably because anycolor change operation will usually involve a cleaning operation.Typical powder coating material is a very fine particulate and tends tobe applied in a fine cloud or spray pattern directed at the objectsbeing sprayed. Even with the use of electrostatic technology, asignificant amount of powder overspray is inevitable. Crosscontamination during color change is a significant issue in manyindustries, therefore it is important that the material applicationsystem be able to be thoroughly cleaned between color changes. Colorchanges however necessitate taking the material application systemoffline and thus is a significant cost driver.

The feed center concepts presented herein work particularly well with adense phase pump that can be purged in an opposite direction. It shouldbe noted that the ability to optionally purge in only the forward orreverse direction provides a better purging capability because ifpurging can only be done in both directions at the same time, the purgeair will flow through the path of least resistance whereby some of thepowder path regions may not get adequately purged. For example, whentrying to purge a spray applicator and a supply hopper, if theapplicator is completely open to air flow, the purge air will tend toflow out the applicator and might not adequately purge the hopper orsupply.

With reference next to FIG. 2, a feed center 100 may include a hopper102 having one or more inlets that are used for receiving and fluidizingpowder coating material from a first or virgin supply 104 and optionallyfor receiving and fluidizing previously unused powder coating materialfrom a second or reclaim supply 106. The first supply 104 may be, forexample, a container B such as a box of new powder coating material M(material M). The second supply 106 may be the powder overspray recoverysystem 28 associated with the spray booth 12, for example, a cycloneseparator that supplies reclaim powder coating material R (material R).In FIG. 2 the container B is shown in dashed lines because the box ispositioned in two different locations within the feed center 100, afirst position being for a coating operation in which the powder coatingmaterial M is drawn from the container B, and a second position beingfor a cleaning operation in which the container B is not full and may beused as a first receptacle to collect unused powder (e.g., virgin powderor a mixture of virgin and reclaim powder) to reclaim for future use.

A first transfer pump 108 (for example, on an exterior surface of thefeed center enclosure 208, as shown in FIG. 3), such as a dense phasepump described hereinabove, may be used to remove powder coatingmaterial M from the container B through a suction hose S that isconnected to a suction tube 110 and to push the material M through afirst supply hose 112 to a first powder inlet 114 into the hopper 102 ata location that is above an optional sieve 116. A second transfer pump118, which may also be a dense phase pump described hereinabove, may beused to remove the reclaim powder coating material R from the recoverysystem 28, for example an outlet of a cyclone (not shown), and totransfer the material R through a second supply hose 120 to a secondpowder inlet 122 into the hopper 102 also at a location that is abovethe optional sieve 116. As noted above, each transfer pump may beoperated in purge mode, meaning that for a cleaning operation eachtransfer pump can push powder that remains in the pump and hoses back tothe feed center 100, by connection of the suction and discharge hoses tothe purge ports, a cyclone pan, and/or a waste vessel during the purgesequence. Thus, the first transfer pump 108 pushes waste powder W2 intoa first purge inlet 124 and the second transfer pump 118 pushes wastepowder W3 into a second purge inlet 126. During a cleaning operation,the operator manually disconnects the first supply hose 112 from thefirst powder inlet 114 and connects it to the first purge inlet 124; anddisconnects the second supply hose 120 from the second powder inlet 122and connects it to the second purge inlet 126. The end of the suctiontube 110 is withdrawn from the box and connected to a third purge inlet125 (FIG. 3). These purge inlets are connected in fluid communicationwith an enclosure extraction duct 128 (described in greater detailbelow) through hoses and do not feed into the hopper 102. The wastepowder W2/W3 does not actually enter into the hopper 102 but rather isrouted within a housing (not shown in FIG. 2) that encloses the hopper102 to the enclosure extraction duct 128. The enclosure extraction duct128 is in fluid communication with an after filter or other waste/dumpcollection system 130 (FIG. 2).

In the lower portion of the hopper 102 is a fluidizing bed or plate 132which is spaced above a bottom wall or floor 134 of the hopper 102 so asto provide a plenum 136. Pressurized fluidizing air P is supplied froman air source 138 to the plenum 136. As is known, the fluidizing bed 132is porous to air and not to the material M and R so that the fluidizingair produces a volume of fluidized material within the hopper 102. Thehopper 102 includes a plurality of powder outlet ports 140 each of whichmay be connected by a feed hose 142 to a gun pump 144. Each gun pump 144may be a dense phase pump as described hereinabove and draws fluidizeddense phase powder from the hopper 102 and moves the powder to a spraygun over at the spray booth. In such an embodiment, the gun pump 144 mayalso be operated in a purge mode in which purge air is provided in areverse direction from the pump 144 into the hopper 102 through the samepowder outlet port 140 that the gun pump 144 used to draw powder fromthe hopper 102. Although FIG. 2 shows the gun pump purge as a separate“line” into the hopper 102, in practice the gun pump purge is reversedthrough the same feed hose 142 into the same powder outlet port 140(being used as a purge inlet into the hopper 102 during a cleaningoperation.) Therefore, during a cleaning operation all the gun pumpspurge back into the hopper 102.

According to an aspect of the present application, a hopper for acoating system feed center may be configured such that in a cleaningmode of operation, a suction from at least one suction source may beapplied to the hopper to remove any powder coating material from aninternal volume of the hopper through an extraction duct (and deliveringthe removed material, for example, to a recovery system or a wastecollection system), and in a coating mode of operation, the hopper is influid communication with an enclosure surrounding the hopper, tomaintain the hopper at substantially ambient pressures for effectivecontinued fluidization of the powder coating material. While manyarrangements may be utilized to provide selective fluid communicationbetween the hopper and the surrounding enclosure, in one embodiment, acontrol valve connecting the hopper to the extraction duct may beoperable to provide an exterior opening to allow pressurized fluidizingair to be exhausted from or otherwise exit the hopper (to preventincreases in positive pressure within the hopper) and/or to provide asuction break between the hopper and a suction source preventing atleast some of the suction from being applied by the at least one suctionsource to the hopper (to prevent increases in negative pressure withinthe hopper).

In the illustrated embodiment, a control valve 146 is connected to anextraction duct 148 for controlling removal of powder coating materialfrom an extraction outlet 150 of the hopper 102 during a cleaningoperation. The duct 148 may be in fluid communication with thewaste/dump collection system 130 (FIG. 2), through an inlet portion 215connected to the enclosure extraction duct 128. Alternatively, theextraction duct 148 may be in fluid communication with the powderrecovery system 28 such as an inlet to a cyclone. The exemplary controlvalve 146 has at least two positions. In a first position for coatingoperations, the control valve 146 is open (e.g., to the feed centerenclosure) and provides an exterior port opening to maintain ambientpressure within the hopper, and a fluidized condition of the powdercoating material. In some embodiments, suction to the first extractionduct is blocked or sufficiently reduced (e.g., by a flow control valve)to allow pressurized fluidizing air to exit the hopper through theexterior port opening. In other embodiments, suction to the firstextraction duct is at least partially maintained, and the exterior portopening may function as a suction break to prevent suction from beingapplied to the hopper, at least partially interrupting the applicationof the suction from the suction source to the hopper.

In a second position for cleaning operations, the control valve 146 isclosed (i.e., the exterior port opening is closed or blocked), meaningthat the control valve 146 allows the extraction duct 148 (and hence thewaste/dump collection system 130, or alternatively, the recovery system28) to apply suction to the hopper. In some embodiments, the controlvalve may be operable to additional intermediate or partially openpositions, for example, to provide a reduced suction break.

A platform or base 152 may be used for the first supply 104 and mayinclude two sections. A first section 152 a may be a slanted or angled(with respect to horizontal) support surface 154 that tilts thecontainer B towards a lower corner B1. The suction tube 110 during acoating operation extends down into the container B near the lowercorner B1 so as to be able to draw as much of the material M from thecontainer B as possible. The first section 152 a may include an optionalvibrator motor 156 to vibrate the container B so as to assist in urgingthe material M towards the lower corner B1. The second section 152 b mayinclude a flat support surface 158 and is preferably positioned underthe hopper 102. The hopper 102 includes a discharge valve 160 that whenopen will dump powder from the hopper 102 into the container B. Thesecond section 152 b may include an optional load cell or sensor 162 forweighing the container B either as a new full container to obtain aninitial weight of the material, and a weight of the powder remainingafter discharge from the hopper 102 during a cleaning operation. Thedifference in the two values provides an indication of the amount ofpowder used during the coating operations.

During a coating operation the container B is placed on the vibratoryfirst section 152 a, somewhat off to the side so that the suction tube110 can be inserted down into the container B. During a cleaningoperation, the container B is moved from the first section 152 a andplaced on the flat horizontal surface 158 under the discharge valve 160so that when the discharge valve 160 is opened, powder will bedischarged from the hopper 102 into the container B for re-use. AlthoughFIG. 2 illustrates the platform sections 152 a and 152 b as two separateparts, such is exemplary. As an alternative, the sections 152 a and 152b may be part of a single unit, along with isolating the load cell 162from the vibrations from the motor 156.

With reference to FIG. 3, an embodiment of a feed center 100 isillustrated. The feed center 100 is illustrated for a cleaningoperation. The feed center 100 may include a housing 164 that enclosesthe hopper 102, along with hoses that can be routed out of view. Thehousing 164 may include a front cover 166 that is easily removable sothat an operator has easy access to the hopper 102 and related parts.The feed center 100 may also include the first transfer pump 108, thesuction tube 110 and the extraction duct 148 with the control valve 146being realized in the form of an external sleeve (described furtherbelow and also referred to herein as a sleeve control valve 146.) Inother embodiments, other types of control valves may be used. Theplatform 152 is shown with the container B still positioned on theslanted vibratory section 152 a prior to being moved over to the flatsection 152 b. The suction hose S is not shown but would connect thesuction tube 110 to the suction input of the first transfer pump 108.

FIG. 4 illustrates the hopper 102 shown without the housing 164 butincluding the extraction duct 148 and the sleeve control valve 146. FIG.5 is a longitudinal cross-section of the hopper 102 with the cap 172 inthe lowered clamped position. The hopper 102 may include a cylinder 168that holds the material M and R that is fluidized and drawn out by thegun pumps 144. The cylinder 168 is mounted on a powder ring 170 havingthe plurality of the powder outlet ports 140. The powder ring 170 ismounted to the air plenum 136 that is enclosed by the fluidizing plate132 (not visible in FIG. 4.) A cover or cap 172 may be hinged to theupper end of the cylinder 168 so that the cap 172 can be swung down tooperate in a coating operation position (see FIG. 5) when the valve 146is open and to operate in a first cleaning position when the valve 146is closed. The cap 172 (or other such opening portion of the hopper) maybe swung or pivoted up for a second cleaning position. A clamparrangement 174 may be used to tightly secure the cap 172 to the hoppercylinder 168. The sieve 116 is visible in FIG. 4 as well as thedischarge valve 160. Also shown in FIG. 5 are three level sensors 176 a,b and c that may be used to detect the level of material in the hopper102. The upper level sensor 176 a may be used to turn the first transferpump 108 off when the hopper is full; the middle level sensor 176 b maybe used to turn the first transfer pump 108 on when material M can beadded. The lower level sensor 176 c may be used to shut down the feedcenter 100 (or that material application system) because there would beinsufficient material M for coating operations.

FIG. 6 shows the lower portion of the extraction duct 148 and the sleevecontrol valve 146 (also referred to herein as a sleeve valve for short.)The sleeve valve 146 may include a sleeve 145 that slip fits over thelower end of the extraction duct 148. FIG. 4 shows the sleeve 145 in afully raised position. This allows the cap 172 to be swung up to itssecond cleaning position. The sleeve and extraction duct may include aninterlocking arrangement to support and maintain the sleeve in a raisedposition. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the interlocking arrangementmay include a hook 180 on an upper end of the sleeve 145 that engages apin 182 on the extraction duct 148. When engaged, the hook 180 supportsand maintains the sleeve 145 in the raised position. In anotherexemplary embodiment (not shown), the sleeve valve may be secured to theextraction port of the hopper, and may be disengaged from the extractionduct by lowering the sleeve toward the hopper.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the sleeve valve 146 in a closed position andan open position respectively, but in both cases the sleeve 146 has beenlowered to engage a tube or other such extraction port 184 on an upperportion of the cap 172. As shown in FIG. 5, the extraction port 184 isin fluid communication with the interior volume 186 defined by the cap172 above the sieve 116. When the valve 146 is closed (FIG. 7) andengaged with the extraction port 184, the powder recovery system 28, (oralternatively, the waste collection system 130) (FIG. 2) can applysuction and draw powder from the hopper 102 as part of the cleaningoperation. Powder can be drawn through the sieve 116, or the sieve 116can be removed and separately cleaned, or both.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the control valve146 includes a first or primary sleeve 145 that is axially lowered andraised for connection and disconnection of the extraction duct with thehopper, as described above, and a second or secondary sleeve 147 thatcan be actuated to slide on the primary sleeve to operate the controlvalve between open and closed positions. In the open position, anopening 185 in the first sleeve 145 aligns with an opening 187 in thesecond sleeve 147 to create, form, or otherwise define the exterior portopening 189. In the closed position, the second sleeve opening 187 ismoved out of alignment with the first sleeve opening 185 to block,close, or otherwise eliminate the exterior port opening 189. In theillustrated embodiment, the second sleeve 147 may rotationally slide onthe first sleeve 145 between open and closed positions, and may beretained in a recessed track 149 in the first sleeve. In anotherexemplary embodiment (not shown), the second sleeve may axially orlongitudinally slide on the first sleeve between open and closedpositions, with the second sleeve covering an opening in the firstsleeve in a closed position, and uncovering the first sleeve opening inan open position.

If suction has been shut off from the first extraction duct 148 (e.g.,by one or more shutoff valves), the exterior opening 189 allowsfluidizing pressurized air to exit the hopper, to maintain circulationof fluidizing air during the coating process. If suction is maintainedat the first extraction duct 148, ambient air exterior to the hopper maybe drawn in through the exterior port and into the extraction duct,thereby effectively breaking suction to the hopper, with only enoughfluidizing air exiting the hopper to maintain ambient pressure withinthe hopper. As a result, powder material exterior to the hopper may bepulled into the extraction duct for delivery to the recovery system orthe waste collection system. In some embodiments, suction from the firstextraction duct 148 may be reduced (e.g., by partially closing a shutoffvalve) to prevent or minimize any suction applied to the hopper.

The open position of the control valve 146 is therefore the positionused for coating operations, to permit passage of fluidizing pressurizedair through the hopper and/or to eliminate the application of suctioninto the hopper while the hopper is fluidizing powder for coatingoperations. The control valve 146 therefore has at least three distinctpositions. In the first lowered or connecting position (FIG. 7) thefirst sleeve opening 185 is covered and this is the first cleaningposition (control valve 146 is closed.) In the second connectingposition (FIG. 8) the first sleeve opening 185 is uncovered and this isthe coating operation position (control valve 146 is open). In the thirdor raised position (FIG. 4), the cap 172 can be raised or pivoted openfor further cleaning of the hopper 102.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 8A, the extraction duct148 a includes an opening 188 a that is opened and closed depending onthe rotational position of the sleeve 145 a. The sleeve 145 a includes acomplementary opening 190 a. The exemplary sleeve 145 a is not only ableto be vertically or axially raised and lowered, but it can also berotated about its longitudinal axis. In a closed position, the sleeve145 a covers the opening 188 a in the extraction duct 148 a because thesleeve opening 190 a not in alignment with the opening 188 a in theextraction duct, which allows suction to be applied to the interiorvolume of the cap 172 a and the hopper cylinder 168 a. Therefore, thisis a first cleaning position for the sleeve 145 a so that the bulk ofthe powder can be removed and recovered by the recovery system. In asecond rotated position, the sleeve opening 190 a can be aligned withthe extraction duct opening 188 a to define an exterior port opening 189a.

As described above, the exterior port opening may provide an exit forpressurized fluidizing air pumped into the hopper when the suctionsource is blocked or eliminated. The pressurized fluidizing air exitingthe control valve may carry powder coating material particles. While theexiting powder coating material particles may be permitted to remain inthe feed center enclosure 208 until a cleaning operation afterconclusion of the coating process, in another embodiment, an additionalextraction duct may be arranged to pull powder coating material awayfrom the exterior port opening, for delivery of the exiting powdercoating material to a waste or recovery system as described above.

FIGS. 3 and 8 illustrate a second extraction duct or tube 230 thatextends into the feed center enclosure 208 proximate the exterior portopening 189. A gap or space may be provided between the end of theextraction duct 230 and the exterior port opening 189, such that thenegative pressure or suction pulled by the extraction duct 230 is notdirectly applied to the hopper 102. Instead, the suction of theextraction duct 230 is sufficient to only (or at least primarily) pullin or capture at least some of the powder coating material that hasexited the hopper 102 and the control valve 146. The second extractionduct may be in fluid communication with the same suction source as thefirst extraction duct 148. In another exemplary embodiment, the firstextraction duct may be in fluid communication with a suction source of awaste collection system, and the second extraction duct 230 may be influid communication with a suction source of a material recovery system28, for example, to re-circulate the material back to the hopper 102.

Many different types of suction sources or vacuum generators may be usedto recover powder coating material exiting the control valve 146. In anexemplary embodiment, the suction source includes an air amplifier 260supplied with pressurized air from a vertical support tube 262 and aconnecting elbow 264. The air amplifier may be configured to provide asteady suction draw (e.g., about 25 cfm), with a periodic pulse ofincreased suction draw (e.g., about 150 cfm), for example, to evacuatepowder coating material that has settled in the second extraction duct.

To prevent suction of the exiting powder coating material into the firstextraction duct 148, for example, during a coating operation, a shutoffvalve may be provided between the first extraction duct 148 and thesuction source. During the coating operation, the shutoff valve may bemaintained in a closed position. During a cleaning operation, theshutoff valve may be opened to apply suction to the hopper (e.g., atabout 800 cfm) through the first extraction duct 148 and the closed(i.e., blocked exterior port) control valve 146. In the illustratedembodiment, a shutoff valve 240 (e.g., a butterfly valve) is assembledto the first extraction duct 148 above the feed center enclosure 208.Additionally, a second valve 242 (e.g., a butterfly valve) may beprovided between the enclosure extraction duct 128 and the suctionsource. In the illustrated embodiment, the second valve may be partiallyclosed during the coating operation to apply dampened suction forces(e.g., about 800 cfm) to the interior of the feed center enclosure, forexample, for extraction of powder expelled into the enclosure 208 by thevibrating container B without applying the full suction (e.g., about1800 cfm) of the cleaning operation. While the valves 240, 242 may bemanually operated when changing between coating and cleaning operations,in the illustrated embodiment, the valves 240, 242 are provided withpneumatically actuated linkage mechanisms 241, 243 to automaticallyoperated the valves when changing operations of the feed center.

In some systems, the second extraction duct 230 may be used selectivelyduring coating operations, for example, depending on whether the userdesires to recover the expelled powder coating material. For example,during short or limited coating operations in which recovery of expelledpowder is not desired, the second extraction duct may be inactive (e.g.,by turning off or blocking the suction source provided for the secondextraction duct) and the suction source provided for the firstextraction duct may be maintained, by keeping the shutoff valve 240 inat least a partially open position. As a result, powder coating materialexiting the hopper through the extraction port will be pulled into thefirst extraction duct 148 for delivery to the waste collection system.During longer or extended coating operations (or where the powdercoating material is more costly) in which recovery of expelled powder isdesired, the second extraction duct may be active (e.g., by turning onor opening the suction source provided for the second extraction duct)and the suction source provided for the first extraction duct may turnedoff or blocked by closing the shutoff valve 240. As a result, powdercoating material exiting the hopper through the exterior opening 189will be pulled into the second extraction duct 230 for delivery to therecovery system.

FIG. 9 shows the hopper 102 with the cap 172 closed or lowered. Thepowder ring 170 includes the plurality of powder outlet ports 140 thatget connected to the gun pumps 144 (FIG. 2.) Two powder inlet ports arealso provided in the cap 172, including the virgin powder inlet port 114and the reclaim powder inlet port 122. Preferably but not necessarilyeach powder inlet port 114, 122 provides a tangential entry into theinterior volume 186 of the cap 172 above the sieve 116. This produces aswirling action of the material within the cap 172 to assist the sieve116. The sieve 116 may be an ultrasonic sieve, such as availablecommercially from Artech in Switzerland, but other ultrasonic sieves mayalso be used as appropriate. The hinge connection 192 of the cap 172 tothe cylinder 168 is also shown in FIG. 9.

Each of the powder outlet ports 140 is formed with a compound angle suchthat each port 140 opens to the interior volume 186 of the cap 172 aimeddownward and near tangentially. This is best represented in FIG. 10 withthe direction lines 193 added to show the directional angle of the ports140. In this way, when the gun pumps 144 are operated in reverse so asto apply purge air into the hopper 102 through the ports 140, thepressurized air is directed downward and towards the corner 194 betweenthe powder ring 170 interior wall surface 196 and the top surface of thefluidizing plate 132. The powder ring 170 is circular, and the pluralityof ports 140 are evenly spaced around the interior circumference of thering 170, so that the compound angle of the ports 140 has the net effectof sweeping the corner 194 about the entire internal circumference ofthe powder ring to remove material that could become trapped in thecorner area.

FIGS. 11 and 12 further show the compound angle of the ports 140. FIG.11 also shows in cross-section the discharge valve 160. In anembodiment, the discharge valve 160 may be realized in the form of apneumatic pinch valve having a flexible hollow pinch valve member 200that is disposed in a sealed pressure chamber 202. When pressurized airis introduced into the pressure chamber 202 the pinch valve member 200is pinched closed. When the pressure is vented, the pinch valve memberopens due to the natural resilience of the material, which may be rubberfor example. The pinch valve member 200 is in fluid communicationthrough an adapter 204 with the interior volume of the powder ring 170above the fluidizing plate 132 so that material can be dumped out of thehopper 102 when the discharge valve 160 is open.

FIG. 13 (see also FIG. 16) illustrates an embodiment of the enclosureextraction duct 128. The enclosure extraction duct 128 may be locatedbehind, and may be partially defined by, an internal surface or wall 206that forms part of the feed center support structure or enclosure 208(FIG. 3.) FIG. 13 is shown in partial longitudinal section to reveal theduct 128. The enclosure extraction duct may have a plurality of inletportions, and the enclosure extraction duct 128 may be under negativepressure or suction from the after filter and waste collection system130 (FIG. 2). A first duct inlet portion 210 may be provided near thefloor 212 of the feed center enclosure 208 to pull powder in that mayhave fallen to the floor and also to create a downward air movement tohelp pull airborne powder particles out of the enclosure 208. A secondduct inlet portion 214 may be provided that is about flush with an uppersurface 216 of the hopper housing 164. This may be a useful locationwhen the cap 172 is in a raised position to allow an operator to cleanoff the sieve by removing the sieve and using an air wand or othermeans, as well as to clean off the flat upper surface 216. The ductinlet portions 210, 214 may extent rearward into a vertically extendingportion of the enclosure extraction duct 128.

The second duct inlet portion 214 may be provided with a circular orother shape aperture 218 that receives or aligns with an end portion ofthe extraction port 184 of the cap 172. When the cap 172 is in theraised or pivoted open position, as in FIG. 14 (also compare with FIG.15), the end portion of the extraction port 184 is facing and may bereceived in the duct aperture 218. This allows an operator to clean offthe interior of the cap 172 and may also be used if the sieve 116 isseparately cleaned. It should also be noted that the pump purgeconnections 124, 126 may also be in fluid communication with theenclosure extraction duct 128 through hoses that are routed within thehousing 164 interior space.

While inlet portions in the enclosure extraction duct may be provided ina variety of configurations, in the illustrated embodiment, the inletportions are defined by one or more panels 252, 254 secured overapertures 251, 253 in the enclosure wall 206, and spaced apart from thewall surface to define gaps 255, 257 adjacent to the apertures. Thesegaps may provide elongated vertical and horizontal slot-like duct inletsoriented to draw in powder coating material (or other particulate) thatwould otherwise collect in corners and edges within the enclosure. In anexemplary embodiment, the panels 252, 254 may be secured to theenclosure wall 206 by fasteners that are adjustable to provide avariable offset between the panel and the enclosure wall to adjust thegap width, for example, to increase suction flow velocity (by narrowingthe gap) or to increase the area through which the powder coatingmaterial may be pulled (by widening the gap).

With reference again to FIG. 14, as noted hereinbefore, one or more gunpumps (144 in FIG. 2, 402 in FIG. 1) may be used with the hopper 102 tosupply powder coating material to a respective spray gun 20 (FIG. 1.) Inan embodiment of another inventive concept presented herein, one or moreof the gun pumps 144 may be supported on a wall 220 of the feed centerenclosure 208, and behind a clear transparent panel 222. This allows thegun pumps 144 to be observed during operation, particularly for anembodiment in which the gun pump 144 includes a transparent pinch valvebody 224. The transparent panel 222 may be mounted flush with aninterior panel 226 of the enclosure 208 preferably to form a continuoussurface that is easy to clean with an air wand, for example. The powderremoved from the interior surfaces may be drawn into the enclosureextraction duct 128 through any of the inlets 210, 214, 218.

As another optional embodiment, each gun pump 144 may be illuminatedwhile the gun pump is operating. For example, a light source (not shown)may be positioned as appropriate to illuminate the transparent pinchvale body 224. For example, an LED or other suitable lamp may be used toilluminate the associated gun pump 144. The gun pumps 144 may beilluminated with different colors, different intensity, or differentflashing (or non-flashing) conditions that may optionally encode variousperformance conditions. For example, if the gun pump is illuminatedsteadily with a blue light it may indicate the pump is running normallyand within specification. A blinking illumination may be used as awarning indicator that one or more operating parameters of the gun pumpis out of range or specification. No illumination may be used toindicate the pump is off or has been interrupted due to a possibleoperational problem. As another alternative, different color lights maybe used. For example, blue could indicate normal operation, yellow usedas a warning indicator and red used to indicate a problem requiringimmediate attention. Many different embodiments may be used as visualindications as to the pump status. Another example of pump status may beto indicate status as to air pressure and/or air flow that is used tooperate the pump pinch valves. Another example would be to indicatestatus of airflow used to pull powder into a pump chamber and air flowused to push powder out of the pump chamber. FIG. 14 illustrates all thegun pumps 144 in an illuminated condition.

An exemplary cleaning operation will now be described. First assume thatthe feed center 100 is in the position of FIG. 17 in which a coatingoperation has been completed and the container B has been moved to theflat support surface 158 of the platform 152. The cap 172 is in theclosed position and the sleeve valve 146 is still open meaning that theexterior opening 189, 189 a is provided (by alignment of the secondsleeve opening 187 with the first sleeve opening 185 in the embodimentof FIGS. 7 and 8, or alignment of the sleeve opening 190 a with thefirst extraction duct opening 188 a in the embodiment of FIGS. 7A and8A). The suction tube 110 is connected to the third purge inlet 125(FIG. 3). The spray guns may be purged and the powder recovery system isoperational. The discharge valve 160 is opened to dump powder from thehopper 102 to the container B. The box can be weighed and then removedand the discharge valve 160 closed. Then the gun pumps 144 may be softpurged (e.g., a slow build to about 40 psi over about 10 seconds) backinto the hopper 102, for example, to more effectively discharge powderthat has settled in the hoses. Next the virgin supply hose 112 is movedto the first purge inlet 124 and the reclaim supply hose 120 is moved tothe second purge inlet 126. The tangential inlets 114 and 122 may beplugged. The sleeve valve 146, 146 a is closed (by rotating the secondsleeve so that the second sleeve opening 187 is not aligned with thefirst sleeve opening 185 in the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, or byrotating the sleeve 145 a so that the sleeve opening 190 a is notaligned with the first extraction duct opening 188 a in the embodimentof FIGS. 7A and 8A), in order to cover or close off the exterior portopening 189, 189 a. This allows suction to be applied to the interior ofthe hopper 102 via the waste collection system 130 or the powderrecovery system 28. Then the pumps may be hard purged (e.g., at about 40psi) back to the hopper 102 and the transfer pumps 108, 118 may be hardpurged into the enclosure extraction duct 128. The sleeve 145 is thenraised to allow the cap 172 to be raised or rotated to the position suchas in FIG. 3. In the raised position, the extraction port 184 of the capaligns with the third inlet 218 to the enclosure extraction duct 128.The cap 172 can be cleaned off by blowing powder through the third ductinlet 218 and the sieve 116 can be removed and cleaned. The sieve 116may also be cleaned by leaving it in place while the sleeve valve 146 isin the closed position. The interior surfaces of the feed centerenclosure 208 may also be blown off with the powder being collected intothe enclosure extraction duct 128 through the inlets 210, 214 and 218.

We have referred to a dense phase powder pump in the above disclosure,which are also commonly known as high density powder pumps. There aremany different dense phase pumps available commercially, and one suchpump is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,997,878; and 7,150,585, the entiredisclosures of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. Withreference to FIG. 18, an exemplary dense phase pump 1400 may use atleast one or more pump chambers 1402 in the form of a hollow cylinder1404 made of an air porous material 1406. The material 1406 for the pumpchamber 1402 may be but need not be similar to the air diffuser (e.g.,sintered polyethylene) described in International patent applicationnumber PCT/US2013/029607, filed on Mar. 7, 2013, the entire disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference. Each pump chamber 1402 isdisposed in a pressure chamber 1408 such that powder is drawn into apump chamber volume 1410 from a powder supply 1411 through a feed hose1412 when the pressure chamber 1408 has negative pressure applied from avacuum source 1414, and powder is pushed out of the pump chamber 1408 toa supply hose 1418 when positive pressure is applied from a pressuresource 1416 to the pressure chamber volume 1410. Control of powder intoand out of the pump chambers may be accomplished with powder flowcontrol valves, for example, pneumatic pinch valves 1420 (powder in) and1422 (powder out) respectively, which open and close out of phase withrespect to each other as is known. Pressure control valves, for examplevacuum control valve 1424 and positive pressure control valve 1426 mayalso be used to control the timing of when negative and positivepressure cycles occur. The low flow air for dense phase powder flowarises from the use of pressure to move the powder, as opposed to highvelocity air as used in a dilute phase powder pump such as a Venturipump. Different dense phase powder pump designs may produce powder flowsthat vary in the powder/air ratio or in other words how rich the powderflow is into the spray gun, and similarly different Venturi pump designsmay produce different levels of lean powder flows. For this reason we donot limit the disclosure herein to a definition of what is dense phaseversus dilute phase. But a dense phase powder flow will typically beused with smaller diameter or cross-sectional powder flow paths ascompared to a dilute phase powder flow path due to the lower flow airvolume in the powder flow. The schematic of FIG. 18 shows an embodimentof the inventive concept of a hybrid spray gun 1040 that uses a densephase powder flow into the spray gun and sprays the powder from a dilutephase front end.

While various aspects and features and concepts of the inventions aredescribed and illustrated herein as embodied in various combinations inthe exemplary embodiments, these various aspects, features and conceptsmay be realized in many alternative embodiments, either individually orin various combinations and sub-combinations thereof. Unless expresslyexcluded herein all such combinations and sub-combinations are intendedto be within the scope of the present invention. Still further, whilevarious alternative embodiments as to the various aspects and featuresof the invention, such as alternative materials, structures,configurations, methods, devices and so on may be described herein, suchdescriptions are not intended to be a complete or exhaustive list ofavailable alternative embodiments, whether presently known or laterdeveloped. Those skilled in the art may readily adopt one or more of theaspects, concepts or features of the various inventions into additionalembodiments within the scope of the present inventions, even if suchembodiments are not expressly disclosed herein. Additionally, eventhough some features, concepts or aspects of the inventions may bedescribed herein as being a preferred arrangement or method, suchdescription is not intended to suggest that such feature is required ornecessary unless expressly so stated. Still further, exemplary orrepresentative values and ranges may be included to assist inunderstanding the present inventions however, such values and ranges arenot to be construed in a limiting sense and are intended to be criticalvalues or ranges only if so expressly stated. Additionally, even thoughsome features and aspects and combinations thereof may be described orillustrated herein as having a specific form, fit, function, arrangementor method, such description is not intended to suggest that suchdescriptions or illustrated arrangements are required or necessaryunless so expressly stated. Those skilled in the art will readilyappreciate additional and alternative form, function, arrangement ormethods that are either known or later developed as substitute oralternatives for the embodiments and inventions described herein.

The inventions have been described with reference to the exemplaryembodiments. Modifications and alterations will occur to others upon areading and understanding of this specification and drawings. It isintended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar asthey come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalentsthereof

What is claimed is:
 1. A feed center for a powder coating material, thefeed center comprising: a hopper in fluid communication with afluidizing pressure source; an enclosure surrounding the hopper; and anextraction duct in fluid communication with at least one suction sourceto pull powder coating material exterior to the hopper into theextraction duct for cleaning the enclosure, wherein the extraction ductis at least partially defined by an internal surface of the enclosureand a panel secured over an aperture in the internal surface of theenclosure, the panel being spaced from the internal surface of theenclosure to define a gap for receiving the powder coating material intothe extraction duct.
 2. The feed center of claim 1, comprising at leastone duct inlet portion that is open to the extraction duct andconfigured to receive powder from within the enclosure into theextraction duct.
 3. The feed center of claim 2, wherein the at least oneduct inlet portion comprises a duct inlet portion that is disposedadjacent a floor of the enclosure such that the duct inlet portion isconfigured to pull powder into the extraction duct that may have fallento the floor.
 4. The feed center of claim 2, wherein the at least oneduct inlet portion comprises a duct inlet portion that is disposedadjacent to an upper surface a housing of the hopper.
 5. The feed centerof claim 1, comprising a suction source in fluid communication with theextraction duct such that the suction source is configured to apply asuction force to the extraction duct.
 6. The feed center of claim 1,comprising a valve that is configured to selectively open and close theenclosure extraction duct to a suction source.
 7. The feed center ofclaim 1, comprising an extraction duct that is connectable to the hoppersuch that the extraction duct is in fluid communication with an interiorvolume of the hopper.
 8. The feed center of claim 1, wherein the hopperincludes a cap that is pivotable from a closed position to an openposition.
 9. The feed center of claim 7, comprising an extraction duct,and wherein the cap defines an extraction port, and the cap is pivotablefrom the closed position to the open position when the extraction portis disconnected from the extraction duct.
 10. The feed center of claim8, comprising a duct inlet portion having a duct aperture that is opento the extraction duct, and when the cap is in a raised or pivoted openposition, an end portion of the extraction port is facing or received inthe duct aperture.
 11. The feed center of claim 1, wherein the hoppercomprises at least one outlet port in an outer wall of the hopper, theat least one outlet port being in fluid communication with at least oneapplicator pump configured to apply suction to the hopper to pullfluidized powder coating material from the hopper.
 12. The feed centerof claim 1, wherein the hopper is releasably connected to the fluidizingpressure source.